Agretti for a changing climate

It rained last night, though not enough to energise the plants that should by now be springing to life. The climate changes, and though the old hands remember frosts in May, this week the overnight temperature will likely average eight degrees.

As Eastern England moves from climate zone 9b to 10b, beans and potatoes with their shallow roots will likely thirst. The weather changes to match our dry sense of humour and in the process disrupts our traditional cuisine. We must adapt as we always have.

East Africa, the cradle of humanity, has periodically shifted between a lush and arid climate over the past five million years, and adapting to this changing climate is thought to have contributed to our cognitive development. Adaptation then is in our nature.

So what’s to be done when drought prematurely bolts the brassicas?
The doctrine of no dig with its tenets of not disturbing soil structure and mulching preserves natural pores in lower soil levels and offers a “skin” of organic matter, both of which help to retain moisture. Membranes which lie on the soil surface with cuts to allow plants to be planted through can also help by creating a buffer zone of trapped air that reduces air flow and so evaporation.


Then there’s the option of planting more drought resistant crops such as those cultivated around the Mediterranean. Potato tubers stop growing above 21ยฐC, whereas sweet potatoes thrive in higher temperatures. Climbing bean varieties such as Cobra, Neckargold and Blue Lake, can also withstand protracted dry spells. Plum tomatoes, courgettes, asparagus, the versatile Good King Henry, and squashes with their deeper roots can reach further underground for water. And finally the drought- tolerant succulent agretti or Friars beard is an annual shrub similar to samphire that seems to like the light soil here and edges us further towards a Mediterranean garden and cucina.




Brightlingsea Allotment Holder’s Society

Planting Guide for a Changing Climate

Drought-tolerant & heat-resilient varieties ยท Steady cropping through the extended English season

Crop Quick-Reference ยท Varieties ยท Sow & Harvest Dates ยท Heat/Drought Rating
Crop Recommended Variety Sow / Plant Harvest Heat โ˜… Notes
Beans
Climbing French Bean Cobra Mayโ€“Jun Julโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Prolific, stringless. RHS Award of Garden Merit. Holds well on plant.
Climbing French Bean Cherokee Trail of Tears Mayโ€“Jun Augโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Heritage variety; pods dry for winter storage. Exceptional drought tolerance.
Runner Bean Hestia (dwarf) Mayโ€“Jun Julโ€“Sep โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† More heat-tolerant than Scarlet Emperor. Compact for small plots.
Leaves
Swiss Chard Celebration / Rainbow Marโ€“Aug Junโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Sow successionally every 6 weeks. Rarely bolts. Best drought-tolerant leaf crop.
Perpetual Spinach โ€” Marโ€“Sep Mayโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† More heat-tolerant than true spinach. Cut-and-come-again.
New Zealand Spinach โ€” May (Apr indoor) Julโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Sprawling habit; thrives in heat. Use young leaves raw or cooked.
Amaranth Red Garnet Mayโ€“Jun Julโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Leaves and seeds edible. Striking in the plot. Thrives in drought.
Pak Choi Summer Breeze F1 Aprโ€“Aug Junโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Heat-tolerant F1; resists bolting better than standard varieties.
Roots & Tubers
Carrot Nantes 2 / Flyaway Marโ€“Jul Junโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Sow in succession. Flyaway has some carrot fly resistance. Cover with fine mesh.
Beetroot Boltardy / Chioggia Marโ€“Jul Junโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Excellent bolt resistance. Chioggia: striking candy-stripe rings. Sow every 3โ€“4 weeks.
Sweet Potato Georgia Jet / Erato Violet May (slips) Sepโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Need warm start indoors. Cure harvested tubers 10 days before storing.
Jerusalem Artichoke Fuseau Febโ€“Apr Novโ€“Mar โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Deep roots access moisture far below surface. Perennial; very low maintenance.
Onion Sturon / Walla Walla / Red Brunswick Mar (sets) Julโ€“Aug โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† Shallow roots need watering during bulbing. Walla Walla: eat fresh. Brunswick: stores well.
Squash & Cucurbits
Courgette Defender / Astia Aprโ€“May (indoor) Junโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† Water at base; mulch heavily. Astia good in containers.
Winter Squash Waltham Butternut / Crown Prince Aprโ€“May (indoor) Sepโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Store 3โ€“6 months. Waltham Butternut: reliable heirloom with good heat tolerance.
Fig-Leaf Gourd Chilacayote Aprโ€“May (indoor) Sepโ€“Nov โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Huge yield; minimal water once established. Courgette flavour. Climbs an arch.
Melon Malaga F1 Apr (indoor) Augโ€“Sep โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† Needs warm start and warmest spot. Essex coast sunshine makes it viable outdoors.
Fruiting Vegetables
Tomato (outdoor) Gardener’s Delight / Sungold Marโ€“Apr (indoor) Augโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† Cherry types most reliable outdoors. Mulch and feed regularly.
Pepper / Chilli Padron / Hungarian Hot Wax Febโ€“Mar (indoor) Augโ€“Oct โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Love heat. Best against a warm wall. Potassium-rich soil boosts flavour.
Sweetcorn Swift F1 / Lark F1 Aprโ€“May (indoor) Augโ€“Sep โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† Plant in blocks (4ร—4 min) for wind pollination. Heat-tolerant metabolism.
Perennial Herbs
Rosemary / Thyme / Sage Any Plant spring Year-round โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Mediterranean natives; thrive in drought. No watering needed once established.
Oregano Greek Oregano Plant spring Junโ€“Sep โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Flavour intensifies in dry heat. Excellent pollinator plant.
Dill Hera (slow-bolt) Aprโ€“Jul Junโ€“Sep โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… Slow-bolting variety; thrives in poor dry soil. Avoid near fennel.

โ˜… Heat/Drought Rating: โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜… thrives in heat & drought  ยท  โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜† reliable  ยท  โ˜…โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜† needs support (water/shade)  ยท  โ˜…โ˜…โ˜†โ˜†โ˜† struggles in heat

Sowing Calendar ยท When to Sow (S) ยท Plant out (P) ยท Harvest (H)
Crop Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Swiss ChardSSSSSSHH
Cobra BeanSSHH
BeetrootSSSSSHH
CarrotSSSSSHHH
SweetcornSSH
CourgetteSSHHH
Winter SquashSSHH
MelonSHH
Sweet PotatoPH
KaleSSSHHH
Pak ChoiSSSSSHH
Outdoor TomatoSSHH
Jerusalem Artich.PPPHH
Perpetual SpinachSSSSHHH
Onion (sets)PHH
Pepper / ChilliSSHH
New Zealand Spin.SHHHH
AmaranthSSHHH
Dill (Hera)SSSSH
S = Sow
P = Plant out
H = Harvest
Tips for Drought & Heat Resilience

Soil & Water

๐ŸŒฑ Mulch all beds with 5โ€“8cm of compost in spring โ€” the single most effective drought measure

๐Ÿ’ง Water deeply and infrequently โ€” encourages deep rooting. Shallow daily watering is counterproductive

๐Ÿ•• Water in early morning or evening; midday watering loses up to 40% to evaporation

๐Ÿ›ข Aim for 1,000+ litres of water butt capacity per plot โ€” connect all roof run-off

๐ŸŒฟ No-dig beds retain moisture significantly better than cultivated soil

๐Ÿชฑ Healthy worm populations improve drainage and drought resilience โ€” feed them compost, not chemicals

Cropping Strategy

๐Ÿ“… Sow successionally โ€” small amounts every 3โ€“4 weeks avoids both glut and hungry gap

๐ŸŒก Start tender crops (sweet potato, peppers, courgette) indoors in March for a longer season

๐Ÿ‚ Fill the autumn gap: sow chard (Aug), pak choi (Aug) and kale (Julโ€“Aug) when summer crops finish

โ„๏ธ Extend the season with fleece or cloches at both ends โ€” gains 4โ€“6 weeks of productive growing

๐Ÿ”„ Follow early crops with a fast second: beetroot after broad beans; chard after salad

๐ŸŒพ Grow perennials (artichokes, herbs) that need no annual sowing and tolerate neglect in dry spells

Sources: RHS Growing Advice  ยท  Charles Dowding  ยท  Allotment & Garden   |   Brightlingsea Allotment Holder’s Society ยฉ 2024

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